"There is a great overlap in symptoms between migraine and stroke," says Philip Stang, MD, lead author of the study and an associate of the department of epidemiology at the University of North Carolina. "And there are types of migraine that include stroke features and vice-versa."
Keeping that in mind, experts say there are some potential differences as well. For one, most migraines will clear up relatively quickly, whereas stroke symptoms are constant.
The presence of certain risk factors may also make one more suspicious that a headache could be a sign of stroke. For example, younger women with migraines, especially if they smoke or take oral contraceptives, are more likely to suffer a stroke than others, says Stang. In older patients, hypertension is a more serious risk factor for stroke than severe headaches.
It may turn out that the link between migraines and stroke risk is not a serious concern. In an editorial that accompanied the study, the authors argue that there are more questions than answers at this point. Stang is cautious as well. "Since there is no laboratory test to confirm migraine, it is difficult to be so precise and assured," he says.
Still, there is little question about the importance of seeking medical help at the first signs of a stroke, including severe headaches. Specially trained hospital staff can determine if you are having a stroke and initiate treatment, which can prevent significant harm if started early. Experts recommend that you seek help immediately if you experience the following, sudden symptoms:
- Numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body
- Confusion, trouble speaking or understanding
- Trouble seeing in one or both eyes
- Problems walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
- Severe headache with no known cause
